European History World War I Essay

The point of convergence of this article is to assess and examine the situation of female medical attendants in World War I. The paper generally could be specified about the effect of World War I on the home front to the nations including particularly ladies. For the reason references would be taken from dominatingly four books. The first is It’s far to Tipperary: British and Irish Nurses in the Great War by Yvonne McEwen and the subsequent one utilized in this paper is Nurses at the Front: Writing the Wounds of the Great War by Margaret R. Higonnet. The third and fourth book utilized for this paper would be The lady of Royaumount: A Scottish women’s medical clinic on the western front by Eileen Crofton and War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa by Joshua S. Goldstein. Aside from all these an article by Margaret H. Darrow would likewise be utilized that was distributed in the American Historical Review Vol. 101, No 1 in February 1996 named French Volunteer Nursing and the Myth of War Experience in WWI. Every one of these writings would be significant assets for deciding the genuine situation of ladies during the First World War. Yvonne McEwen book manages the characters that are frequently neglected while managing the more prominent point of view of an immense episode like the First World War. These are the individuals who basically work behind the scene however make enormous commitment to the reason yet as a rule are not referenced by academicians. Such characters are the female medical caretakers of the First World War. The creator presents a declaration to each one of those medical attendants of the First World War who end up being individuals with surprising mental fortitude and capacity to shoulder difficulty. It isn't just the troopers of the First World War who indicated every one of these characteristics yet the creator specifies that it is the female medical caretakers who went uncelebrated in the wake of demonstrating themselves to be no less devoted to their nation and administration than the officers. The penances of these individuals are not really recorded and in this manner the creator is instrumental in introducing to us the untold accounts of the female medical attendants and their situation in the First World War. Simultaneously the creator makes reference to the opposite side of this calling and administration where the female medical caretakers is activated in an enormous number to contend among rival nursing administration offices. The net outcome frequently end up being inappropriate. This is on the grounds that however there was a tremendous interest of female attendants in the First World War it was alluring that the female medical caretakers partaking and electing to serve are prepared satisfactorily. It is very nearly an assurance that because of this activation in mass numbers the nature of the female attendants was lessening. In a similar setting it ought to likewise be said that this absence of practicable information was regularly concealed by the will to serve and buckle down. Nonetheless, the creator demonstrates a few records that show the altruistic parts of the First World War female attendants and their situation in the social request as they were seen by the troopers as friends in need however much of the time they were just sofas and no more. Be that as it may, in a period of mass decimation and distress this was more than adequate for a withering youthful fighter. The creator portrays this part of the female attendants with extraordinary love and guilty pleasure. (McEwen, 2006) The second content by Higonnet uncovers a greater amount of individual record of the two most well known attendants from the United States, Mary Borden and Ellen N. La Motte. Their own perspectives on the First World War, as presented for by the creator between similar spreads, shows the inward universe of the female medical caretakers during the time of the war. These are ladies who saw the war amazingly intently and along these lines portrays the incredibly troublesome act of military medication under merciless conditions. Their records are regularly eerie and both mirrors the quandary of treatment where the patient for whom the attendants buckle down would at last come back to the combat area either to be murdered or to slaughter. Now the content turns out to be contacting and others conscious and yet shows us the genuine situation of the female attendants during the First World War. Apparently the female medical caretakers were, it could be said, simply consoling medium or cost gave by the administration to mend their executing machines. The facts demonstrate that this expense of war is regularly hard to process with its unforgiving real factors of death and rot of the human brain where the vast majority of the sympathetic principals are depleted off under insufferable conditions. In any case, the medical caretakers portray their records not just from the perspective of spectators yet from a point where apparently they are really reviling their need of recuperating the blood waterway. There is a sure purpose of parenthood or nurturing feeling engaged with their records. Their content not just turns out to be critical for deciding the genuine situation of the medical caretakers during the First World War time frame yet in addition presents us with others conscious accounts that are moving, insightful and moving. (Higonnet, 2001) Eileen Crofton’s The Women of Royaumont, A Scottish Women’s Hospital on the Western Front is an account of an emergency clinic in Royaumont which was inside not many miles from the western front during the First World War. This story additionally tells the record of Miss Frances Ivens who fills in as a specialist in this clinic. Miss Ivens was additionally liable for the set up of this completely prepared emergency clinic to serve the injured fighters from the front. This is a great anecdote about the faculty of this medical clinic where demise and agony turned into a customary element during the First World War time frame these were the individuals who never loosed any expectation and lead existence with difficulty and administration from 1915 as far as possible of the war in 1919. Here we locate the day by day life of the female medical caretakers with their dread and expectation and assurance. It is an intriguing idea to peruse the parts where they are seen observing Christmas or other such happy states of mind alongside their substantial timetable where specialists were permitted on around three hours of rest because of surge of patients. Here we discover the whereabouts of the female medical attendants with subtleties records such various patients during a particular timeframe in the war and the complete number of medicines alongside subtleties of diseases alongside their race and religions. The essayist makes us mindful that these are faculty who worked in the midst of shells and weapon discharge and still kept up their elevated level of expert abilities. Here we additionally discover the parts of silliness, similar to the celebrations or games, helped their good to proceed with the unforgiving days of the First World War time frame. We additionally go over the political circumstance where the administration took care of the issue with all around defined methodologies to endure. Along these lines this content uncovers a gigantic measure of subtleties that is expected to decide the situation of medical attendants in the First World War time frame. We can undoubtedly comprehend the high position these ladies consumed in the psyches of the patients however tragically the equivalent was not really evident when it came to organization and government. Whenever decided from Eileen Crofton’s perspective it was the pariahs who never shared the life of the medical caretakers and neglected to offer their due appreciation. And yet the facts confirm that while assessing the situation of the female medical attendants during the time of the principal World War it turns into sure that the tip top of the general public scarcely offered any appreciation to these fearless specialist co-ops despite the fact that a portion of the prominent female medical caretaker originated from this class. In any case, the principle worries to the medical caretakers were the prosperity of the warriors and there they were profoundly regarded and respected. Goldstein’s text presents an alternate edge to the whole conversation and alongside it puts a fascinating perspective as well. Goldstein focuses on the viewpoint that expresses that the effect of sex contrast and the hugeness of sex contrasts are generally noticeable during the time of war. However disputable contentions, and the scattering of savviness across educational guidelines, have secured comprehension of the idea of war and its execution on the parts of sexual orientation. As indicated by the author the influence war cause on sex and the sexual orientation distinction influence the idea of war is shared and concurrent. To wander this method of conditions the creator investigates the part of war by and large since the commencement of human clash and notes in an energetic yet definitive way that quite often ladies were barred from direct battle circumstance. The compose even shows this has been the general standard and it is relevant for all race and culture. Anyway the creator did make reference to and assessed the episodes where the ladies battled in direct war zone with much achievement. In a similar setting the creator additionally specifies the idea of male multifaceted nature in the boundaries of social practices cause for the most part because of discharge of testosterone. This part is an exceptionally intriguing theme as it views the essential parts of the ideas identifying with the development of gentility and manliness under the boundaries of war and especially the First World War. To clarify the issue the writer represents the book into seven wide parts that bargains different parts of war and the resulting influences on ladies as a rule. The main part is A Puzzle: The Cross-Cultural Consistency of Gender Roles in War where the homogenous idea of women’s position is talked about in the light of war. The subsequent section is named Women Warriors: The Historical Record of Female Combatants where the job of dynamic investment is noted. The third section is Bodies: The Biology of Individual Gender where the creator investigates the subtleties of the contrasts between the genders. The fourth section looks for the social situation of ladies and it named Groups: Bonding, Hierarchy, and Social Identity. The fifth section manages the portrayal of war as a methods for development of male character and in this manner it is named Heroes: The Making of Militarized Masculinity. The 6th section is named

Can You Retake AP Exams Expert Guide

Would you be able to Retake AP Exams Expert Guide SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most AP tests are testing, and scores don't generally turn out the manner in which you envisioned they would. In case you're worried that you've relinquished any opportunity of getting school credit, would you be able to retake an AP exam?In this article, I'll give you how you can ricochet once more from a low AP score to wind up with school credits and AP Scholar Awards. Would you be able to Retake AP Exams If You Do Poorly? For one thing, would you be able to retake an AP test? The appropriate response is yes! In the event that you don’t excel on an AP test, you can retake it whenever it’s offered the next May. In any case, you ought to consider this choice cautiously before committing.If you score a 3 or above on an AP test, I wouldn’t suggest going for a retake except if you’re totally set on winning school credit for your work. Eventually, your AP score will have negligible effect on your confirmation chances except if you’re applying to the most particular universities with 1s and 2s. As per theCollege Board FAQ, When we overviewed confirmation officials, in excess of 75 percent showed that a low score on an AP Exam would NOT hurt an applicant’s affirmation prospects(emphasis mine).In different words, the evaluation you win in the year-long AP class is a higher priority than areyour AP score for confirmations purposes. Retaking AP tests is costly; it will cost you an extra $94!It's likewise a truly big time duty to take on extra concentrating on a full course load. Truly consider whether it's justified, despite all the trouble before you choose your choice. On the off chance that you despite everything feel sure that you need to retake the test, address your school’s AP Coordinator about registering.You cansign up through your school, much the same as you did the first occasion when you stepped through the exam, with the exception of now your instructor won't help you through the procedure. It’s totally dependent upon you to find the organizer and make courses of action to step through the examination. In the event that you need to retake an AP test, you gotta shed the preparation haggles your young lady bicycle over to the direction office. In the event that you truly need to dazzle them, ride a unicycle. Do Both AP Scores Show Up? Which One Counts for AP Scholar Awards? Your score report will incorporate all your AP scores (counting rehashes of a similar test) except if you decide to retain or drop scores.The distinction among retaining and dropping scores is that when you drop your score, it is for all time erased, as though you never at any point took the test.There is no charge for dropping a score. Here's theScore Cancellation Formyou would need to send to the College Board. Then again, on the off chance that you decide to retain your AP score, it won’t be seen by universities, however it will remain on record in the event that you need to send it later.It costs $10 per score to retain scores from schools that you initially showed on your answer sheet.Here’s theScore Withholding Formyou’d need to send to the College Board. The cutoff time for both retention and dropping AP scores for tests you took is June 15.If you miss the cutoff time, every one of your scores will be sent to the universities you showed on your answer sheet. On the off chance that you decide to retake an AP test, just your most noteworthy score will check toward AP Scholar Awards, regardless of whether you don’t drop or retain your lower score.That implies you don’t need to stress over your underlying score destroying your odds at turning into an AP researcher in the event that you show enhancement for your subsequent attempt. Never dread, you can at present become a researcher with a sweet facial hair regardless of whether you get a low AP score the first run through around. Study Tips for Retaking AP Exams Here are a couple of significant hints to remember as you get ready to retake an AP test. To be fruitful in improving your score, you'll have to evaluate your shortcomings basically and concentrate deliberately. #1: Understand Where You Went Wrong Last Time Your essential objective is to abstain from rehashing the errors you made on your first AP test.Think concerning why you did inadequately and what you can do to forestall those entanglements this time.Did you stand by too long to even think about starting considering? Did you take informal practice tests that gave you a ridiculous thought of the test’s substance or trouble level? Did you depend totally on your group to help you through the test and discover your insight lacking?Whatever the case might be, do some reflection to make sense of how you can fix these issues and recover your score a second time around. You should seriously think about mentoring on the off chance that you figure you did inadequately in light of the fact that the subject all in all was not your solid point or your educator didn't work superbly of clarifying the material.You could even solicit one from your friends who excelled on the test to offer you some examining guidance or coach you on ideas you’re experiencing difficulty acing all alone. #2: Get a High-Quality Review Book On the off chance that you’re going to retake an AP test, you won’t be simply wrapping up a time of considering the subject in class. Accordingly, notes and study materials probably won't be as promptly accessible to you, and it will be more diligently to structure your time without an educator and class calendar to control you. You ought to get an audit book that covers all the ideas in the course altogether so you have a simple method to examine content, plan out your time, and do rehearse questions.Think of it as a lighter variant of self-studying.Usually, Barron’s books are a decent choice for additional inside and out studies of AP courses. #3: Start Studying Early One of your issues the first run through around might have been that you wound up holding up until the last moment to study.Cramming is an impractical notion for AP testssince they spread so much data and anticipate that you should address addresses that require elevated level basic reasoning. You won't help yourself by skimming the surface. Begin learning in any event several months prior to you take the test.Ideally, you should survey ideas consistently so your memory remains new and you have the opportunity to address whatever issues you had with the material initially. You ought to likewise step through a lot of training examinations so you can watch your exhibition and ensure you're improving. Be the brisk riser. Get out there and catch your AP worm. Synopsis: Can You Retake AP Exams? You can decide to retake an AP test when it’s offered again the accompanying year.If you truly need school credit or are worried about how a low score will look on your application, you should seriously mull over this alternative. Expecting you retake an AP test and improve score, that score will be the one that tallies toward AP Scholar awards.You can even decide to retain or drop your lower score on the off chance that you don’t need it to appear on your record. Taking an AP test a subsequent time is a costly duty, so you should put forth sure you put some genuine attempt into reading for it.Try to gain from whatever issues you had the first run through around, and abstain from packing or disregarding content territories you don’t very comprehend. What's Next? In a perfect world, you'll get a high score on your test the first run through around. To ensure that occurs, read our five-advance arrangement enumerating the most ideal approach to read for AP tests. Practice tests are too significant while planning for AP tests. Get familiar with where to locate the best AP practice tests to use in your contemplating. It may be hard to take new AP classes on getting ready for a retake. Discover what number of AP classes you should take in secondary school and whether it's justified, despite all the trouble to stack up your timetable. Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4 points?We've composed a guide for each test about the best 5 methodologies you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

Yet Another Blog Entry

Yet Another Blog Entry Back in the sepia-toned pages of my high school years, Personal Finance was one of two classes that the school administrators recognized as a practical art, colloquially known as an Alternative Free Period. (Inexplicably, the other one was Web Design instead of Wikipedia-Related Procrastination Games, although the two were sometimes interchangeable if you could switch windows fast enough. Anyway, enough about my world-class education.) Although I eschewed practical arts completely from the piddly grid of my high school schedule, Ive always suspected that finances are sort of important, especially the personal ones. This semester, I fastidiously scribed every cent of my personal spending into a spreadsheet, which I later rolled out, filled with 24-bit colors, and baked into pie graphs, just like the kind Grandma used to make (where Grandma is a spontaneous euphemism for Microsoft Office 1997). Without further ado, I present a summary of my non-tuition expenses for this semester. Breakdown of Total Personal Expenses: Notice: I spent as much on textbooks this semester as I spent on food*. And textbooks dont even make good sandwiches. *All books were bought used at reduced prices. Food was bought unused, but usually at reduced prices. Since food happens to be one of the protagonists in this blog, heres a slightly ridiculous gloss of how my grocery expenses were distributed: Notice the conspicuous absence of a “Ramen” category. Interestingly, when I look at this in terms of chemical composition, probably 80% of my grocery money this semester was spent on water (contained in fruits, vegetables, soymilk, soup, other liquids, frozen matter, and condiments). Since Fruits and Vegetables was the Soviet Russia of categories in the previous graph, I give you this: . . . where fractal-like vegetable indicates a vegetable with Hausdorff dimension greater than 2.33. Thanks to their high surface-area to volume ratios, fractal vegetables are delightfully prone to soaking up huge amounts of condiments, which happen to occupy about 30% of my fridge/cabinet space. Apples, arguably, are the most plentiful and well-nourished fruits in the Boston Area, thanks to the plenteous peppering of apple orchards across this region. I buy all fruit from grocery stores on Massachusetts Avenue north of MIT instead of at LaVerdes in the Student Center, where the selection is smaller and the prices are higher. (In the previous graph, fractal-like vegetable indicates a vegetable with Hausdorff dimension greater than 2.33. Thanks to their high surface-area to volume ratios, fractal vegetables are delightfully prone to soaking up huge amounts of condiments, which happen to occupy about 30% of my fridge/cabinet space.) Practically all of the food that I paid for last semester was in the form of groceries, purchased biweekly. The remainder came from free food events and my freshman advising seminar, which provided two dinners a week on average in addition to leftovers that could be recycled into one or two meals. Sadly, easily-accessible free food dwindles to a trickle after first semester, so with much grief I anticipate spending lots more on food in the coming months. Also, heres one for the money that went into recreational activities: Contrary to appearances, I only went bowling once during the semester. It just happened to be comparatively expensive. Cumulatively, I spent $757.01 this semester and earned $705.88 from working 4-5 hours per week and taking paid surveys. The following breakdown of my income for this semester borders on the hilarious: Its fairly certain that I earned more from taking surveys than from one of my jobs. I was extraordinarily fortunate last semester to have registered for an advising seminar that paid for tickets to various arts-related events in Boston with free dinners tossed in. If my estimations are even vaguely within range of a ballpark, MITs Office of the Arts spent more than $600 on me this semester, which means that they love me more than most of my relatives do. Naturally, this entry would have ended here with some urbane remarks about the state of the economy, but Ive decided to give you 80% more blog for the same price by throwing in an IAP update. Also, I couldnt think of any urbane remarks about the economy, but I wasnt going to admit it, except I just did anyway. It strains my toleration of absurdity to say the following, but Im more worn-out now than I was for practically all of last semester. The punchline is that I love it. The past week has consisted of waking up at 7 or 8, running across the river in meat-locker temperatures, grappling through the life-changing twists of Mechanics II lectures at 9 in the morning, cramming grocery runs into the cracks in my schedule, sorting chemicals and building (failed) batteries in my UROP lab, kicking and punching a lot of nothingness in Sport Taekwondo class, and reading and rereading and rererereading Vol. 1 of Landaus Course of Theoretical Physics* until midnight. Notice that theres no regret in the previous sentence. *From a literary as well as scientific standpoint, Landaus explanation of physics is straight-up incomparable. The first fourteen pages alone can pummel your paunchy, oversimplified AP Physics textbook into an unrecognizable pulp without breaking a sweat or missing an integral. At the same time, its as clear and succinct and beautiful as a haiku that you wont understand until the fifth time you read it. (Funnily enough, almost half of MIT is still on break. January here is a free-for-all of independent activities: options range from taking up to 12 units of classes and working in a lab to staying at home and playing Guitar Hero for an entire month to doing an externship at a company in another state. Should you choose to return to campus instead of annexing January into your winter break period, youre also free to take as many fun, not-for-credit classes like chocolate tasting or orienteering as you can handle before you explode in recreational bliss.) Through Mechanics II, I was serendipitously reunited with a Physics major friend that I hadnt seen around campus since my stumbling, suitcase-hauling visit as a prefrosh last October. The increased likelihood of rediscovering an old friend is one more reason to take extra physics classes in your spare time. Especially if you end up going to dinner with aforementioned friend and roommates at the deserted-and-mediocre-but-highly-convenient Thai restaurant next to Random. Onto the food snapshots. Katelyn 12 came along and ordered noodles, one of civilizations greatest inventions. My curry was sorely underwhelming in flavor, but the satay was a crisp and dignified representation of the avian species. Afterwards, we strolled down the block to Toscaninis, the contested home of the Best Ice Cream in America, and pontificated about topics of great profundity deep into the heart of the snowy night. I elocuted beautifully about the genius of Tiramisu ice cream, which was at least as mind-blowing as Lagrangian physics. Later that night, the clouds opened their gaping maws and messily slathered Boston with snow. I slept on bean bags in another dorm and didnt return myself to Random Hall until 9 AM the next morning. In short, IAP is great. (Addendum: According to Keri, it is my honorable duty to recount the ferocious, not-really-blood-soaked battle that took place in the courtyard of East Campus on the desolate eve following the Great Snowfall. Denizens of Random Hall, fully armed with boffer swords and plastic lightsabers and a shopping cart filled with hard-packed snowballs, marched up to the walls of East Campus under the cover of darkness and launched an impressive volley of icy projectiles at the windows of the 3rd floor. Aided by the the soul-crushing force of gravity, 3rd East responded by spraying the Random Hall Army with fire extinguishers. Brawling ensued deep into the lonely, impassive night.)

How theories of development and frameworks to support...

CYP Core 31 2.3 How theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice Theories of development and frameworks to support development are incredibly important to us working with children and young people. They help us to understand children, how they react to things/situations, their behaviour and the ways they learn. Different theories and ways of working with children have come together to provide frameworks for children’s care, such as Early year’s foundation stage (EYFS) which is used within all child care settings. This encourages us to work together, help and check the development of babies, children and young people, to keep them healthy and safe. It promotes teaching and learning to†¦show more content†¦Positive reinforcers- Likely to repeat their behaviour when they get something they desire. He suggested this was the most effective way of encouraging new learning. Positive reinforcers for children include gaining adult attention, praise, stickers, sweets and treats. Negative reinforcers- Likely to make people repeat behaviour as well but the behaviour is being repeated to stop something from happening i.e. children who are going down the slide too quickly will learn to use their hands to stop themselves as they are unhappy about the speed. Punishers- Likely to stop behaviour from being repeated i.e. staying away from the plug socket after receiving an electric shock. Albert Bandura – social learning Bandura suggested children learn from watching adults – referred to as ‘Bobo doll experiment’. Three groups of children watched a film of a variation in behaviour in adults towards a doll. Group A – saw the adult behave aggressively towards the doll. Group B – saw the adult behaving aggressively towards the doll and then rewarded by sweets from another adult. Group C – saw the adult being aggressive but then told off by another adult. After the film the children were observed in a playroom with toys and the bobo doll. Group A and B were similar, this telling they was not influenced by the reward but more influenced by the telling off. Afterwards they were all asked to imitate what happened to the doll and they could all copy the adult’s actions. ThereforeShow MoreRelatedExplain How Theories of Development and Frameworks to Support Development Influence Current Practice1145 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different theories of development that help us to understand children’s behaviour, reactions and ways of learning. All equally important as they influence practice. To begin with there is Piaget’s constructivist theories which look at the way in which children seem to be able to make sense of their world as a result of their experiences and how they are active learners. He also suggested that as childre n develop so does their thinking. Piaget’s work has influenced early years settingsRead More2:3 Research the following theories of development; explain how the theories and frameworks influence current practice.770 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing theories of development; explain how the theories and frameworks influence current practice. Theories of development are: 1. Cognitive (e.g. Piaget). 2. Psychoanalytic (e.g. Freud). 3. Humanist (e.g. Maslow). 4. Social learning ( e.g. Bandura). 5. Operant conditioning (e.g. skinner). 6. Behaviourist (e.g. Watson). Frameworks to support development are: 1. Social pedagogy. Theories of development are very important as these theories and frameworks can heavily influence current practiceRead MoreThis Chapter Will Provide The Theoretical Framework For1281 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter will provide the theoretical framework for training teachers for family engagement followed by a current and comprehensive literature review of: (1) Importance of family engagement, (2) Family engagement and educational equity, (3) Current state of teacher preparation for family engagement, (4) Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards family engagement, and (5) Best practices for teacher preparation. Following the literature review, the summary at the end of the chapter will proposeRead MoreCyp Core 3.1:1637 Words   |  7 PagesCYP Core 3.1: 2.3 Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practices. There have been many theories on how children develop and learn, some of the theorists who influence the educators of today on how to best teach children. Jean Piaget Cognitive Piaget studied the thinking and logic of children and he believed that children had different logic to adults. Piaget started his theory by observing and studying his own children and concludedRead MoreEssay on Bus310 Accounting Theory and Accountability954 Words   |  4 PagesBUS310 ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ACCOUNTABILITY WORKSHOP 1 SOLUTIONS 1) GHHT: Chapter 1: Theory in Action 1.1 The article describes how a particular theoretical approach has been replaced by another. Explain why one theory replaces another, and who, or what, determines whether an existing theory survives. A theory is primarily meant to explain or predict an event, behaviour or outcome. Proponents of a theory look for evidence to support the theory. This evidence should be independently observedRead MoreThe Primary Limitation Of Leadership1586 Words   |  7 Pagesof this theory is that it has no approaches or styles for leadership to a similar situation as same as trait theory. In Contingency theory, it is essential to match leaders and situations to improve effective leadership such as changing the leader to match the situation, and change the situation to match the leader (Leadership-Central, 2014). Models of leadership help early childhood educator to understand the factors, which highlight effective leadership. A model is a significance framework for categorizingRead MoreMargaret Ledwith s Community Development : A Critical Approach1506 Words   |  7 PagesBook review Ledwith, Margaret, Community Development: A Critical Approach, Bristol: The Policy Press. 2011, 226 p. The second edition of Margaret Ledwith’s Community Development: A Critical Approach offers a precarious and searching review of community activism and theory. It is positioned in the contemporary era of global, economic, social, and environmental crisis. Ledwith’s study is relevant in the time of accelerated world crises of social justice and environmental sustainability, and her intentRead MoreAssessment in the Ece Curriculum1250 Words   |  5 Pagesbase their Child development and learning principles on Developmentally appropriate practice (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, p. 9) Piaget has had a profound influence in the early childhood educational practice. Until recently our assessment techniques have been influenced by Piaget as we have focused on the individual child and what they can do in relation to their ages. According Edwards, p.9, Piaget was well known for his theory about ages and stages of cognitive development. Many educationalistsRead More2.2 Analyse How Children and Young People’s Development Is Influenced by a Range of External Factors774 Words   |  4 Pagescould delay their development. Some children are born with conditions that could affect their development such as a blood disorder. †¢ Personal choices – †¢ If a child or young person as decided for what ever reason they do not want to be educated or leave school before they finish their education, this is their choice and we cannot always show them alternative choices for staying at school. Looked after/care status – †¢ This again could have a huge influence as a lot of lookedRead MoreConstructing a Theoretical Framework Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesDesjardins (2010) states a theoretical framework is a logically structured representation of the concepts, variables, and relationships involved in a specific study with the purpose of clearly identifying what will be explored, examined, measured or described. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that clarifies the reason for the research problem. The information found in the theoretical framework expresses to the reader why the research problem was chosen, provides a clear

The Shawshank Redemption And Exploring The Espoused Values...

After viewing the film The Shawshank Redemption and exploring the espoused values of the religion inside the prison, and how the leaders proclaimed to stand for certain beliefs but their actions counteracted that, then exposing a system of oppression. I was encouraged to think about groups that display a false sense of kindness but are manipulative in their actions. Gloriavale is a religious community in New Zealand that claims to stand for God and proclaim to be goodness and light. However they in reality, the leaders of the group use their religion to oppress a community of people. These ideas lead me to explore cults. I have always had the perception of cults as being shady, underground groups of people chanting manically and performing†¦show more content†¦This group fits the definition of a cult perfectly, they were a small select group of people with beliefs that were to the rest of the world, outlandish and strange. They also became dangerous after the leader, Marshal l Applewhite, told them that suicide was the only way to ascend to the spaceship awaiting them to take them to heaven. Not all cults are small groups for example the People s Temple more famously known as Jonestown, had just over 900 members. It was â€Å"a religious group based in California which moved to Guyana in the late 1970s to establish a communalistic utopia. This group became very dangerous as it caused the deaths of 918 people. Nine people died attempting to escape Jonestown including U.S. senator Rep. Leo Ryan, the remaining 909 died in Jonestown of either poisoning or were shot.† I personally was very shocked at how many people died and why it wasn’t investigated properly, the government had information that things were not as it seemed. Instead of investigating they sent senator Ryan, I believe that this was a huge mistake and perhaps if the matter was taken more seriously so many lives wouldn’t have been lost. It does also make me question whether this kind of neglect towards potentially dangerous cults is still occurring. There many methods that cults use to indoctrinate new members and to keep them devoted to the cause and

The Background Of Metabolic Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(30) " of MetS vary and are unsure\." Harmonizing to recent worldwide estimations, 1.7 billion people are classified as either corpulence or corpulent, more than 1 billion have high blood pressure, and more than 500 million have either diabetes or the pre-diabetes position, impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) [ Hossain et Al. 2007 ] . We will write a custom essay sample on The Background Of Metabolic Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) A is a complex and multivariate disease thought to be when a figure ofA coincident metabolicA abnormalcies occur in the same person with a frequence higher than it could be expected by opportunity, foremost coined â€Å" syndrome Ten † in 1988 by ( Reaven 1998 ) . The first formal definition of the MetS was put away in 1998 by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) . The International Diabetes Federation ( IDF ) described a syndrome as â€Å" a recognizable composite of symptoms and physical or biochemical findings for which a direct cause is non understoodaˆÂ ¦the constituents coexist more often than would be expected by opportunity entirely. When causal mechanisms are identified, the syndrome becomes a disease. † MetS is so a composite of complecting hazard factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , diabetes and shot. The bunch of hazard factors encompasses dysglycemia ( unnatural glucose degrees ) , raised blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) , hyperglycemia, elevated triglyceride degrees, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterin degrees, and cardinal adiposeness tissue degrees ( fleshiness ) . Metabolic syndrome has been assigned its ain ICD-9 diagnostic codification: 277.7, but there is ongoing contention about whether metabolic syndrome is a homogenous upset or disease, and whether it merits acknowledgment as a syndrome ( Huang 2009 ) . MetS has many factors involved ; most surveies agree that the underlying pathology of abnormalcies seems to be related to insulin opposition ( IR ) and fleshiness. The job and confusion comes from the differences in standards for the diagnosing of MetS by the ( WHO, 1998 ) , the European Group for survey on insulin Resistance ( EGIR ) in 1999, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ( NCEP-ATP III ) in 2001, the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the ( IDF ) 2005. Regardless of which standard is used for diagnosing, all major bureaus agree to an extent that the cardinal factors include fleshiness and waist perimeter ( WC ) , insulin opposition, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure ( Alberti et al 2006 ) Multiple diagnostic standards from several beginnings have given rise to confusion and incompatibilities. Because of the different threshold degrees and how they they are combined to name, there may be fluctuations within in the same population at analysis of informations, taking to skewed hazard schemes and the prioritization of patients and their preventative intervention. One individual may be diagnosed and intervention on the footing of one set of standards, but so be ineligible utilizing another. The purpose of this instance survey is to place and foregrounding the most relevant and up to day of the month facets of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, experimental theoretical accounts, and related clinical and population informations in relation to MetS. The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that more than 1 billion people are overweight globally, and if the current tendency continues, that figure will increase to 1.5 billion by 20154. It is estimated that over 1.7 billion individuals worldwide are fleshy, more than 300 million of whom are clinically corpulent. This addition is a multifactor with deficiency of exercising, aging, familial sensitivity and hormonal alterations being cited. This addition in fleshiness and fleshy people is associated with the addition in prevalence of Mets and diabetes ( Wild et al 2011 ) . Abdominal fleshiness is linked with the opposition effects of insulin on peripheral glucose and fatty acid metamorphosis, which can consequences in type 2 diabetes mellitus. With fleshiness comes Insulin opposition and that can take to hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycaemia, and increased adipocyte cytokines that contribute to endothelial disfunction, altered lipid profile, high blood pressure, and systemic redness. This procedure of harm can advance the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . Therefore Mets has several possible aetiologic classs, upsets of adipose tissue ; insulin opposition ; and the grouping of independent factors of hepatic, vascular, and immunologic beginning involved in different constituents of the MetS. When the single constituents of Mets cluster together and this is associated with both the addition hazard of Diabetes and CVD ( Wild et al 2011 ) With many hazard factors for CVD included within the MetS assorted definition and standard ‘s, the purpose is provide utile early diagnosing of MetS that in bend identifies persons with cardinal fleshiness and cardio-metabolic hazard factors. ( Wild et Al 2011 ) . These persons are at increased hazard of type 2 diabetes, CVD, non-alcoholic fatso liver disease ( NAFLD ) and sleep apnoeas. These hazard factors like abdominal fat degrees can frequently be left untreated as separately they do non justify intercession. Not all fleshy people are at high hazard degrees of vascular disease, type 2 diabetes and NADFL. The Mets definition is aimed at placing the subgroups of these fleshy and corpulent persons that are at a high hazard of the effects of inordinate abdominal fat and Insulin Resistance ( IR ) . As mentioned above, several organisations have established their ain diagnostic standards for MetS, NCEP ATP III, AHA/ NHLBI, WHO, IDF, EGIR, and ACE. With In there diagnostic standards of the MetS, different combinations of predating pathological factors are required, including: Iridium, dysglycemia, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, fleshiness or increased waist perimeter, high blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) or DM, microalbuminuria and hyperinsulinemia. ( See Table 1 ) . The prevalence of the MetS is increasing throughout the universe ( who ) the many different estimations are nevertheless dependent on the definition used and the topic ( e.g. , sex, age, race, and ethnicity ) . The WHO and NCEP: ATPIII definitions are similar for fleshiness, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. The inclusion of requirements, IR, IGT, and type 2 diabetes of the WHO definition are more tapered. The estimations reached by the assorted definitions in a individual population are frequently really similar across surveies ; the rates are variable in subpopulations with MetS and besides between cultural groups. Therefore the planetary prevalence estimations of MetS vary and are unsure. You read "The Background Of Metabolic Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Statistically, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is reported from assorted beginnings over the decennary is variable between the populations. It was estimated that 20-30 % European population is affected ( Vosatkova et al 2012 ) . The consequences of a wide-spread epidemiological survey carried out among the US population show metabolic syndrome prevalence of 23.9 % as defined by the standards of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and 25.1 % harmonizing to WHO standards ( Ford and Giles, 2003 ) . Most surveies used the NCEP-ATP III definition and showed an elevated prevalence of MS in different parts of the universe. Harmonizing to ( NHANES ) 2003-2006, about 34 % of people studied met the NCEP: ATPIII revised standards for MetS. ( Appendix Table 2 ) A reappraisal of current prevalence tendencies and statistics was carried out in by ( Marjani 2012 ) identified the following planetary incidence and epidemiological findings from assorted equal reviewed beginnings: The undermentioned information is taken from ( Marjani 2012 ) : The prevalence of MetS was found to increase with age with 20 % of males and 16 % of females under 40 old ages of age, 41 % of males and 37 % of females between 40-59 old ages, and 52 % of males and 54 % of females 60 old ages and over by and large. Incidence of metabolic syndrome additions as age progresses. In a survey in Turkey, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 15.3 % , 23.1 % , 28.0 % , 26.0 % , and 20.5 % among people aged from 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79 and a†°? 80 old ages old, severally. Study of Ford showed that the prevalence in the US was16.5 % and 46.4 % for males aged 20 to 60, and 19.1 % to 56.0 % , for females with additions in MetS prevalence with increased age [ 19 ] . World Health organisation predicts the prevalence of fleshiness to be 4.8 % in developed states, 17.1 % in developing and 20 % in less developed. Cardiovascular disease is one of the chief grounds of decease among adult females in the universe. .women aged more than 55 have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than younger adult females. In several surveies, the incidences of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal adult females were found to be increased in the universe. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( utilizing the WHO definition ) in Ireland was 21 % . The prevalence was higher in males ( 24.6 % ) than in females ( 17.8 % ) . The Botnia survey † ( utilizing the WHO definition ) found the prevalence in Finland was 84 % and 78 % in male and female topics with type-2 diabetes, severally. In the United States, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.8 % utilizing the ATP III definition. Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( 31.9 % ) . The prevalence was similar for male ( 24.0 % ) and female ( 23.4 % ) subjects. The prevalence in Isfahan ( Iran ) was 65.0 % with higher rate in females than males ( 71.7 % female and 55.8 % male ) . The prevalence in Karachi ( Pakistan ) was 79.7 % in type 2 diabetics, ( 45.5 % females and 34.3 % males ) . The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetics in Japan was 168 ( 26.37 % ) out of 637 type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence was higher in males ( 45.9 % ) than females ( 28.0 % ) . A survey done in Korean estimates the overall prevalence was 32.6 % . The prevalence was found to be 46.9 % and 65.1 % among males and females severally. The overall prevalence among Saudis with type 2 diabetes was 22.64 % ( 19.49 % male, 25.17 % female ) . The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients is higher in females ( 53.27 % ) than males ( 48.71 % ) , and that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Gorgan is appreciably higher compared with that in some other states. One of the latest and up to day of the month documents by ( Craig and Turner 2012 ) made a systematic reappraisal of 85 surveies. They found the average prevalence of MetS in whole populations was 3.3 % , in fleshy kids was 11.9 % , and in corpulent populations was 29.2 % . Although prevalence rates are varied throughout the universe it is clear that metabolic syndrome has developed into epidemic degrees and farther research is needed as the mechanisms of MetS are non to the full known ( Cornier et al 2008 ) . As described above, the general hypothesis to depict the pathophysiology of MetS is insulin opposition and abdominal fleshiness ( Cornier et al 2008 ) . Visceral fleshiness is the chief cause of the metabolic syndrome, and is associated with development of high blood pressure in the metabolic syndrome via a assortment of pathwaysA ( Figure1 ) . Metabolic Syndrome and its related upsets Insulin opposition Cardinal fleshiness Glucose intolerance Dyslipidemia with elevated triglycerides Low HDL-cholesterol Microalbuminuria Predominance of little heavy LDL-cholesterol atoms High blood pressure Endothelial disfunction Oxidative emphasis Inflammation Related upsets of polycystic ovarian syndrome, fatty liver disease ( NASH ) , and urarthritis A major subscriber is an surfeit of go arounding fatty acids, released from an expanded abdominal adipose tissue. Free Fatty Acids ( FFA ) cut down insulin sensitiveness in musculus by suppressing insulin-mediated glucose consumption. Increased degree of go arounding glucose additions pancreatic insulin secernment ensuing in hyperinsulinemia. In the liver, FFA increase the production of glucose, triglycerides and secernment of really low denseness lipoproteins ( VLDL ) . The effect is the decrease in glucose transmutation to glycogen and increased lipid accretion in triglyceride ( TG ) . Insulin is an of import antilipolytic endocrine. In the instance of insulin opposition, the increased sum of lipolysis of stored triacylglycerol molecules in adipose tissue produces more fatty acids, which could farther suppress the antilipolytic consequence of insulin, making extra lipolysis and more FFA. This build up of FFA from increased the volume of adipocytes lead to IR through the look of assorted proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines, tumour mortification factor ( TNF ) -I ± , interleukin ( IL ) -1 and IL-6 are increased in adipose tissue but the production of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin is reduced, this look is linked to systemic redness. The instability of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines, induces insulin opposition by impairing the insulin signalling procedure. ( acquire ref ) . This addition in cytokines promote lipolysis and increase Free fatty acids ( FFAs ) so causes endothelial disfunction and increased coronary artery disease hazard ( Wieser et al 2013 ) See ( Appendix Figure 2 ) Inflammatory cytokines have been reported in the development of high blood pressure. ( Grundy 2003 ) suggests a important association among redness, high blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. TNF-I ± stimulates the production of endothelin-1 and angiotensinogen. interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) is a multifunctional cytokine which mediates inflammatory responses and stimulates the cardinal nervous system and sympathetic nervous system. This mediates an addition in plasma angiotensinogen and angiotonin II, and hence high blood pressure. ( Sarafidis and Bakris 2007 ) show that IR increases leptin and NEFA degrees thereby augmenting sympathetic nervous activation. The survey besides showed NEFA to raise blood force per unit area, bosom rate, and I ±1-adrenoceptor vasoreactivity, while cut downing baroreflex sensitiveness, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and vascular conformity. Insulin has anti-natriuretic and stimulates nephritic Na re-absorption. Insulin opposition and the ensuing hyperinsulinemia induce blood force per unit area lift by the activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) causes sodium keeping and volume enlargement, endothelial disfunction and change in nephritic map. The subsequent hyperinsulinemia promotes the addition in sodium soaking up by the kidneys, which can impair force per unit area natriuresis, thereby doing high blood pressure in salt-sensitive persons. Hyperinsulinemia increases the sympathetic activity, taking to arterial high blood pressure. 1475-2891-7-10-1 ( 1 ) .jpg ( Figure 2 ) IR proposed tracts. YanaiA et al.A Nutrition JournalA 2008A 7:10 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-10 Insulin opposition is characterized by pathway-specific damage in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling. In the endothelium, this may do an instability between the production of azotic oxide and secernment of endothelin-1, taking to decreased blood flow. The accretion of splanchnic fat elevates the activity in the renin-angiotensin system, due to an increased production of angiotensinogen, which accordingly favours arterial high blood pressure. FFAs contribute to endothelial disfunction by a combination of lessened PI3K-Akt signalling, increased oxidative emphasis. And increased ET-1 production. Insulin opposition and splanchnic fleshiness are associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia ( Semenkovich, 2006 ) . Atherogenic dyslipidemia can develop from increased ( FFAs ) . They are known to assist the production of the lipoprotein ( apoB ) within ( VLDL ) atoms, ensuing in more VLDL production. Insulin usually breaks down apoB through PI3K-dependent tracts, therefore insulin opposition additions VLDL production. Hypertriglyceridemia in insulin opposition is the consequence of both an addition in VLDL production and a lessening in VLDL clearance. VLDL is metabolized to remnant lipoproteins and little dense LDL, both of which can advance atheroma formation. Insulin opposition besides causes endothelial disfunction by diminishing Akt kinase activity, ensuing in lessened eNOS phosphorylation and activity. Phosphorylation of eNOS is required for the hemodynamic actions of insulin, this consequences in lessened blood flow to skeletal musculus and endothelial disfunction that so worsens insulin opposition. The metabolic consequences of drawn-out insulin opposition produce Glucose intolerance. AS mentioned earlier, glucose consumption in adipocytes and skeletal musculus cells is decreased and can no longer be absorbed by the cells but remains in the blood, but hepatic glucose production is increased. Therefore an overrun insulin by beta cells to keep plasma glucose homeostasis. Once the pancreas is no longer able to bring forth adequate insulin to get the better of the insulin opposition, impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) develops. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization, IGT is a pre diabetic status in which serum glucose concentrations range between 140 and 200A mg/dL 2 H after a 75A g glucose burden ( WHO ) Persons with IGT have extended loss of first stage insulin secernment and a decreased 2nd stage, and persons with type 2 diabetes have small first stage insulin release at all. ( Mackie and Zafari 2006 ) Postprandial hyperglycaemia appears to bring forth oxidative emphasis, addition protein glycation, addition hypercoagulability, and damage endothelial cells, all of which promote coronary artery disease. Hyperglycemia is a well-known hazard factor for micro and macrovascular disease ( HutchesonA andA Rocic 2012 ) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality via means an increased hazard of CVD and type 2 diabetes among others. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased oxidative emphasis. Recent documents suggest that some of the implicit in pathologies contribute more entire oxidative emphasis than others ( HutchesonA andA Rocic 2012 ) ( huge grounds to see, more research needed ) Adipose tissue has been shown to lend to the production of reactive O species and proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-I ± , IL-6, and IL-18. Previous surveies showing that fleshiness and MetS are independently associated with increased oxidative emphasis and inflammatory load. The presence of MetS exacerbates oxidative and inflammatory emphasis in corpulent grownups with higher systemic markers of oxidative emphasis and low-grade chronic redness in corpulent grownups with MetS compared with corpulent grownups free of MetS ( Guilder 2006 ) . Cross-sectional informations from 2,002 non-diabetic topics of the community-based Framingham Offspring Study has shown that systemic oxidative emphasis is associated with insulin opposition ( Meigs 2007 ) . There are besides negative effects of inordinate and deficient slumber on metabolic syndrome prevalence are described in ( Vosatkova et al 2012 ) . Despite a familial background of the upset, its outgrowth and development are strongly influenced by life manner. Therefore, intervention metabolic syndromeA by and large focuses onA diet and exercising. regularA physical activityA and a diet with aA restricted Calories intake, that is high inA whole grains, A monounsaturated fatsA and works nutrients ( such as theA Mediterranean diet ( Kastorini 2011 ) . The medical direction of metabolic syndrome includes CVD hazard, Blood force per unit area control WITH ( angiotension-converting enzyme ( ACE ) A inhibitors AND ORA angiotension receptor blockersA ( ARBs ) , drug therapy for Cholesterol withA lipid-lowering medicines ) , preventive Diabetes intervention and Exercise rehabilitation plans to help loss and mobility, In decision prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing steadily across assorted populations increasing hazards CVD and Diabetes related co-morbidities. Metabolic syndrome includes insulin opposition, splanchnic adiposeness, atherogenic dyslipidemia and endothelial disfunction and their ain related effects. The pathophysiological mechanisms of Mets are all interconnected. With changing planetary statistics and multiple universe definitions and standards a comprehensive cosmopolitan definition of the metabolic syndrome is needed for elucidation. The NCEP ATP III definition uses straightforward standards that are measured readily AND easiest to use clinically and epidemiologically. Metabolic syndrome and its different definitions do place the pathophysiological mechanisms that underline the procedure Insulin opposition and cardinal fleshiness are clearly cardinal constituents of the disease as they both cause glucose intolerance and dysplycemia. Metabolic syndrome is complex and there is new research on traveling. The best signifier of bar seem to be an easy hole for most MetS persons, lifestyle alterations and weightless. How to cite The Background Of Metabolic Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

What makes Odysseus a Hero Essays - Odyssey, Ancient Greek Religion

What makes Odysseus a Hero What makes a hero? The epic The Odyssey tells the story of a hero named Odysseus. Odysseus is the king of Ithica, Greece. There are many ways to identify heroes, superheros, tragic heroes, and epic heroes. Odysseus was an epic hero, defined by qualities through the epic. One of the characteristics of an epic hero is to have courage. Odysseus clearly shows this when he was in the Cyclopes cave. The way he reacted when faced with danger, was relaxed and calm, Odysseus was ready to fight. He came up with a smart scheme and escaped the Cyclops. Bravery is a quality of a hero because without courage, man cannot complete the journey of being a hero. Along with being brave, an epic hero must have physical strength. Odysseus shows his strength when he throws a discus. At the Olympics many men were competing and they asked him to join. Knowing his strength he humbly said no, but he was bullied a bit, and threw the discus. The discus went tremendously far, and no one challenged him anymore. Strength is required to defeat humans and to overthrow monsters. Scylla is a monster with 12 legs, six heads, and three rows of teeth, with an urge to eat humans. Charybdis is a monster that drinks the ocean and also swallows boats in the process to get back home to Ithica Odysseus and his crew must pass by these two monsters. In the process, Scylla kills six of his men and the rest of the crew makes it out alive. This is vital to the formation of Odysseus as a hero because to be a hero man must battle demons or monsters. Monsters are an important part of Greek mythology so the specification of battling against a monster is seen as a vital part of being an epic hero. While Scylla and Charybdis were seen as vicious monsters, many forget about the murderous nymphs The Sirens. These were sea nymphs that would use their beautiful singing to lure in men, and then kill them. Odysseus was told to but bees wax in the ears of himself and the crew. Instead, Odysseus took an unnecessary risk and listened to them. He did this because he wanted to be the only man to hear them and live, showing how he accepts challenges and invites problems, and takes unnecessary risks. To be an epic hero Odysseus had to descend into the underworld. There Odysseus gets advice on how to complete his journey. While in the underworld he meets one of his dead crewmen. The crewman speaks of how he was not buried and tells Odysseus to give him a proper burial. When Odysseus leaves the underworld, he does go back and bury the man. This shows his value of honor he respected what he was told and did the morally right task. While Odysseus was a man of most his morals, he did not do the right things at times. One of the characteristics of an epic hero is encounter women who tempt him. Odysseus was tempted by calypso but did not choose to be adulterous, but calypso forced him against his will. Calypso was later punished her actions, but she was angry because of a double standard for gods and goddess. Odysseus met Circe was tempted, and stayed with her for a year. A hero is a man of great strength and contains physical appeal, so the idea of women trying to seduce him, would prove as a common happening. Some women helped Odysseus in a beneficial way. Athena, the goddess, proved as a source of advice, and protection, through Odysseus journey. One of the ways she helped Odysseus was when he was trapped with Calypso. Athena urges her father to help Odysseus out, and Zeus sends Hermes to Calypso to release Odysseus so he can return home. Athena often makes Odysseus appear younger, stronger, and more attractive for many reasons. When he was put in a situation with fighting between men, appearing stronger and younger would provide a sense of fear, which would help Odysseus win. Also when Odysseus arrives home Athena makes him appear as an old man, a beggar. This lets him